Systems and methods for configuring and connecting unplanned small cells

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided for facilitating the placement of a small cell, wherein at least one of a first set of parameters is determined at each of a first and a second location, at least one of a second set of parameters is determined at each of the first and the second location, and a recommended small cell placement location is generated based on at least one of the determined first set of parameters and the determined second set of parameters.

SUMMARY

A high-level overview of various aspects of the present technology is provided in this section to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description section of this disclosure. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

The present disclosure is directed, in part, to systems and methods relating to use of small cell devices. An unplanned small cell device typically requires a substantial amount of configuration and/or time to establish and connect to a core network. In conventional systems, a path or transport mode for a small cell is left open. In other words, when an end user attempts to set up an unplanned small cell in a location, the path from the end user’s premises to the network is not predetermined, in typical systems.

In embodiments, improved systems and methods provide solutions for using a new small cell device, without a substantial delay due to determining a path using a customer’s broadband or a relay method based on a macro cell, for example. In embodiments, an unplanned small cell device can be used in a “plug-and-play” (PnP) manner, for example.

In an embodiment a system for facilitating placement of a small cell is provided. The system comprises: a first macro cell, a user equipment (UE) comprising one or more antennas for receiving a first downlink signal from the first macro cell and for transmitting a first uplink signal to the first macro cell, a user interface, as well as a processor. The processor is configured to determine one or more of a first set of parameters for a first location. The first set of parameters comprises a signal quality of the downlink signal and a signal strength of the downlink signal, as well as a distance and azimuth to the first macro cell. An alphanumeric value is associated with each of the one or more of the first set of parameters is displayed in real time on the user interface. The processor also determines a location of a transmitter that is transmitting the downlink signal and displays a signal quality visualization representing the signal quality of the downlink on a user interface of the UE, as well as a location visualization representing the location of the transmitter.

In a further embodiment, a non-transitory computer storage media storing computer-usable instructions, that, when used by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform a series of steps. The one or more processors determine one or more of a first set of parameters for a downlink signal from a first base station at each of a first location and a second location. The first set of parameters comprises at least one of the following: a signal quality, a signal strength, and a distance and azimuth to the first base station. The one or more of the first set of parameters is refreshed once per second an alphanumeric value associated with each of the one or more of the first set of parameters is displayed in real time on a user interface of a mobile device. The one or more processors also determine one or more of a second set of parameters for each of the first location and the second location. The second set of parameters comprises at least one of the following: a downlink speed of the first downlink signal and an uplink speed of a first uplink signal. The first uplink signal is transmitted to the first base station by the UE and is displayed on the user interface.

A still further embodiment provides a non-transitory computer storage media that stores computer-usable instructions that are used by one or more processors. When the processors execute the instructions the processors perform the following steps: determine, using one or more antennas of a user equipment (UE) for receiving a first downlink signal from a first base station, one or more of a first set of parameters for each of a first location and a second location, the first set of parameters comprises a signal quality of the downlink signal and a signal strength of the downlink signal; determine a location of a transmitter that transmits the downlink signal; and display visualizations on a user interface of the UE. The visualizations displayed on the user interface of the UE include: a signal quality visualization representing the signal quality of the downlink signal; a signal strength visualization representing the signal strength of the downlink signal; and a location visualization representing an azimuth and distance to the location of the transmitter; and generate a recommended small cell placement location of a small cell and display that recommended placement location on a user interface of the UE. The placement location is based on the first set of parameters.

In embodiments, systems and methods described herein provide Fast-Plug-and-Play (PnP) of Unplanned Small Cells, or FuSC, and provide improved location and connectivity of the small cells. The systems and methods assist a customer or technician in determining a suitable location for a small cell in a house or building. Small cells located in buildings may experience losses and low gain and may result in UEs that are unable to maintain a voice or data session. Advantages of the embodiments include faster set up time for small cells and improved backhaul between a base station and the small cell. Aspects of the disclosure provide for determining the placement of a small cell, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, and as set forth more completely in the claims.

In aspects set forth herein, this disclosure describes, among other things, systems, methods, and/or computer readable media assist a customer and/or a technician to locate the best location to place a small cell in a house or building. Modern cellular networks are susceptible to high and low gain areas; low gain areas may be the result of, for example, propagation loss, building material attenuation, the beamforms of base stations, distance from the base station, or many other natural, and/or man-made causes. Such losses and low gain areas (particularly in a relatively high noise/interference environment) can result in user equipment (UE) being unable to maintain a voice or data session (or experience reduced throughput) with a wireless communications network, such as a wireless telecommunication network. Part of a solution to said technical problem is via the deployment of small cells to provide an improved wireless footprint for UEs proximate to the small cell. The effectiveness of a deployed small cell to remedy network coverage gaps is largely dependent on the placement of the small cell, both with respect to a connected base station and to connected UEs. Thus, where a small cell should be placed is a more specific technical problem spurred by modem wireless communication networks, their limitations, and the increasing demand of UEs and users for more stable and higher bandwidth wireless sessions. As one skilled in the art would appreciate, the present disclosure is a technical solution to that specific technical problem.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a diagram of an exemplary computing environment suitable for use in implementations of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2-2A illustrates diagrams of an exemplary system environments in which implementations of the present disclosure may be employed;

FIGS. 3A-3J depict various representations of a user interface used to facilitate placing a small cell in accordance with aspects herein; and

FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an exemplary method for determining placement of a small cell, in accordance with aspects herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject matter of embodiments of the invention is described with specificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, the description itself is not intended to limit the scope of this patent. Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the claimed subject matter might be embodied in other ways, to include different steps or combinations of steps similar to the ones described in this document, in conjunction with other present or future technologies. Moreover, although the terms “step” and/or “block” may be used herein to connote different elements of methods employed, the terms should not be interpreted as implying any particular order among or between various steps herein disclosed unless and except when the order of individual steps is explicitly described.

Throughout this disclosure, several acronyms and shorthand notations are employed to aid the understanding of certain concepts pertaining to the associated system and services. These acronyms and shorthand notations are intended to help provide an easy methodology of communicating the ideas expressed herein and are not meant to limit the scope of embodiments described in the present disclosure. The following is a list of these acronyms:

3G Third-Generation Wireless Technology 4G Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System 5G Fifth-Generation Cellular Communication System CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory CDMA Code Division Multiple Access eNodeB Evolved Node B GIS Geographic/Geographical/Geospatial Information System gNodeB Next Generation Node B GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Global System for Mobile communications iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network DVD Digital Versatile Discs EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory LED Light Emitting Diode LTE Long Term Evolution MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MD Mobile Device PC Personal Computer PCS Personal Communications Service PDA Personal Digital Assistant RAM Random Access Memory RET Remote Electrical Tilt RF Radio-Frequency RFI Radio-Frequency Interference R/N Relay Node RNR Reverse Noise Rise ROM Read Only Memory RSRP Reference Transmission Receive Power RSRQ Reference Transmission Receive Quality RSSI Received Transmission Strength Indicator SINR Transmission-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio SNR Transmission-to-noise ratio SON Self-Organizing Networks TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TXRU Transceiver (or Transceiver Unit) UE User Equipment UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems WCD Wireless Communication Device (interchangeable with UE)

Further, various technical terms are used throughout this description. An illustrative resource that fleshes out various aspects of these terms can be found in Newton’s Telecom Dictionary, 25th Edition (2009).

Embodiments of our technology may be embodied as, among other things, a method, system, or computer-program product. Accordingly, the embodiments may take the form of a hardware embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. An embodiment takes the form of a computer-program product that includes computer-useable instructions embodied on one or more computer-readable media.

Computer-readable media include both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media, and contemplate media readable by a database, a switch, a UE, and/or various other network or user devices. Network switches, routers, and related components are conventional in nature, as are means of communicating with the same. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media comprise computer-storage media and communications media.

Computer-storage media, or machine-readable media, include media implemented in any method or technology for storing information. Examples of stored information include computer-useable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data representations. Computer-storage media include, but are not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM. flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile discs (DVD), holographic media or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, and other magnetic storage devices. These memory components can store data momentarily, temporarily, or permanently.

Communications media typically store computer-useable instructions - including data structures and program modules - in a modulated data signal. The term “modulated data signal” refers to a propagated signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed to encode information in the signal. Communications media include any information-delivery media. By way of example but not limitation, communications media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, infrared, radio, microwave, spread-spectrum, and other wireless media technologies. Combinations of the above are included within the scope of computer-readable media.

By way of background, a traditional telecommunications network employs a plurality of base stations (i.e., cell sites, cell towers) to provide network coverage. The base stations are employed to broadcast and transmit transmissions to user devices of the telecommunications network. In aspects, a base station is defined by its ability to communicate with a UE according to various wireless communication protocols (e.g., 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G, and the like); however, the RF signals exchanged between a UE and the base station may be affected by any number of natural or artificial phenomenon that may affect the gain of the RF signals. For example, if a UE is in the middle of a high rise office building, it may have a significantly reduced ability to communicate with the base station because of the reflection from the building’s windows, the layers of construction materials (e.g., interior walls) between the UE and the base station, and/or noise created near the UE’s location or anywhere in the path of the RF signal between the UE and the base station. In order to improve the ability of a UE to wirelessly communicate with a base station, a small cell may be used. At a high level, a small cell functions by establishing a backhaul connection with the base station and acts as a substitute access point for the UE, generally increasing gain (and likely throughput).

As may be appreciated, the placement of a small cell impacts its ability to serve the UE. Many customers simply place the small cell in a window or in an area with high anticipated usage (e.g., a conference room); however, these locations do not take into consideration the backhaul parameters of the candidate placement location. The present disclosure solves the technical problem of where to place a small cell by setting forth systems, methods, and computer readable media for facilitating the placement of a small cell. In accordance with aspects herein, at least one of a first set of parameters is determined at each of a first location and a second location, the first set of parameters comprising signal quality and signal strength, at least one of a first set of parameters is determined at each of the first location and the second location, the second set of parameters comprising download speed and upload speed, and a recommended small placement location is generated based on at least one of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters. By using the first and second parameters to determine a small cell placement location, the service provided by the small cell to the UE may be improved by way of an improved backhaul connection between the small cell and the base station.

As used herein, “base station” is one or more transmitters or receivers or a combination of transmitters and receivers, including the accessory equipment, necessary at one location for providing a service involving the transmission, emission, and/or reception of radio waves for one or more specific telecommunication purposes to a mobile station (e.g., a UE), wherein the base station is not intended to be used while in motion in the provision of the service. In an exemplary aspect, a base station may take the form of a macro cell; however, in other aspects, a base station may be a small cell or a wireless internet router. A “macro cell” refers to a land station in a wireless communication network that provides larger areas of wireless telecommunication coverage (e.g., greater than 2 km in radius), often located on a tower, mast, rooftop, or other elevated structure, and a “small cell” refers to a land or mobile station that provides smaller areas of wireless telecommunication coverage (e.g., less than 2 km in radius) that operate by providing a telecommunication link between a mobile station and a macro cell via a relay backhaul (e.g., a network connection with the macro cell). Non-limiting examples of a small cell include microcells, pico cells, femtocells, and the like. The term/abbreviation UE (also referenced herein as a user device or wireless communications device (WCD)) can include any device employed by an end-user to communicate with a telecommunications network, such as a wireless telecommunications network. A UE can include a mobile device, a mobile broadband adapter, or any other communications device employed to communicate with the wireless telecommunications network. A UE, as one of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate, generally includes one or more antennas coupled to a radio for exchanging (e.g., transmitting and receiving) transmissions with a nearby base station. A UE may be, in an embodiment, similar to device 100 described herein with respect to FIG. 1 .

As further used herein, user devices that are spatially distributed with respect to a particular location (such as a candidate small cell placement location) may be said to be in different locations relative to the particular location. That is, a first device’s location may be described herein as being further from the particular location, relative to a second device. Such distance-related terminology may be read to mean a distance at ground level between the ground level of the particular location and the ground level of the device, it may refer to the distance actually traveled by the signal (in aspects, affected by multipath, reflection, etc.), and/or it may refer to a signal strength (e.g., a first device is further from an access point than a second device based on the downlink signal received at the first device being weaker than the downlink signal received at the second device).

Accordingly, a first aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for facilitating the placement of a small cell, the system comprising: a first macro cell and a UE. wherein the UE comprises one or more antennas for receiving a first downlink signal from the first macro cell and for transmitting a first uplink signal to the first macro cell, a user interface, and a processor. In aspects, the processor may be configured to determine one or more of a first set of parameters for each of the first location and a second location, the first set of parameters comprising at least one of the signal quality, a signal strength, and a distance and azimuth to the first macro cell. The processor may also be configured to determine one or more of the second set of parameters for each of the first location and the second location, the second set of parameters comprising at least one of the downlink speed of the first downlink signal and an uplink speed the first uplink signal. Further, the processor may generate a recommended small cell placement location for display on the user interface based on at least one parameter of the first set of parameters and at least one parameter of the second set of parameters.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for facilitating the placement of a small cell. The method includes determining, using one or more antennas of a UE for receiving a first downlink signal from the first base station, one or more of a first set of parameters for each of the first location and a second location, the first set of parameters comprising at least one of the signal quality, signal strength, and a distance and azimuth to the first base station. The method further comprises determining, using the one or more antennas of the UE, one or more of the second set of parameters for each of the first location and second location, the second set of parameters comprising at least one of the downlink speed of the first downlink signal and an uplink speed of a first uplink signal, the first uplink signal transmitted to the first base station by the UE. Based on at least one parameter of the first set of parameters and at least one parameter of the second set of parameters, a recommended small cell placement location is generated for display on a user interface of the UE.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a non-transitory computer storage media storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by one or more processors cause the processors to determine, using one or more antennas of a UE for receiving a first downlink signal from the first base station, one or more of a first set of parameters for each of the first location and a second location, the first set of parameters comprising at least one of the signal quality, signal strength, and a distance and azimuth to the first base station. The instructions further comprise determining, using the one or more antennas of the UE, one or more of the second set of parameters for each of the first location and second location, the second set of parameters comprising at least one of the downlink speed of the first downlink signal and an uplink speed of a first uplink signal, the first uplink signal transmitted to the first base station by the UE. Based on at least one parameter of the first set of parameters and at least one parameter of the second set of parameters, a recommended small cell placement location is generated for display on a user interface of the UE.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a diagram is depicted of an exemplary computing environment suitable for use in implementations of the present disclosure. In particular, the exemplary computer environment is shown and designated generally as computing device 100. Computing device 100 is but one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the invention. Neither should computing device 100 be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated. In aspects, the computing device 100 may be a UE, UE, or other user device, capable of two-way wireless communications with an access point Some non-limiting examples of the computing device 100 include a cell phone, tablet, pager, personal electronic device, wearable electronic device, activity tracker, desktop computer, laptop, PC, and the like.

The implementations of the present disclosure may be described in the general context of computer code or machine-useable instructions, including computer-executable instructions such as program components, being executed by a computer or other machine, such as a personal data assistant or other handheld device. Generally, program components, including routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like, refer to code that performs particular tasks or implements particular abstract data types. Implementations of the present disclosure may be practiced in a variety of system configurations, including handheld devices, consumer electronics, general-purpose computers, specialty computing devices, etc. Implementations of the present disclosure may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote-processing devices that are linked through a communications network.

With continued reference to FIG. 1 , computing device 100 includes bus 102 that directly or indirectly couples the following devices: memory 104, one or more processors 106, one or more presentation components 108 (e.g., a graphic user interface of a UE), input/output (I/O) ports 110, I/O components 112, a power supply 114 and one or more radios 116. Bus 102 represents what may be one or more busses (such as an address bus, data bus, or combination thereof). Although the devices of FIG. 1 are shown with lines for the sake of clarity, in reality, delineating various components is not so clear, and metaphorically, the lines would more accurately be grey and fuzzy. For example, one may consider a presentation component such as a display device to be one of I/O components 112. Also, processors, such as one or more processors 106, have memory. The present disclosure hereof recognizes that such is the nature of the art, and reiterates that FIG. 1 is merely illustrative of an exemplary computing environment that can be used in connection with one or more implementations of the present disclosure. Distinction is not made between such categories as “workstation,” “server,” “laptop,” “handheld device,” etc., as all are contemplated within the scope of FIG. 1 and refer to “computer” or “computing device.”

Computing device 100 typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computing device 100 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.

Computer storage media includes RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices. Computer storage media does not comprise a propagated data signal.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Memory 104 includes computer-storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory. Memory 104 may be removable, nonremovable, or a combination thereof. Exemplary memory includes solid-state memory, hard drives, optical-disc drives, etc. Computing device 100 includes one or more processors 106 that read data from various entities such as bus 102, memory 104 or I/O components 112. One or more presentation components 108 presents data indications to a person or other device. Exemplary one or more presentation components 108 include a display device, speaker, printing component, vibrating component, etc. I/O ports 110 allow computing device 100 to be logically coupled to other devices including I/O components 112, some of which may be built in computing device 100. Illustrative I/O components 112 include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, printer, wireless device, etc.

The at least one radio 116 facilitates communication with a wireless telecommunications network. In aspects, the radio 116 utilizes a transceiver and/or a combination of transmitters and receivers to wirelessly communicate with the telecommunications network. Illustrative wireless telecommunications technologies that may be used by the radio 116 to wirelessly communicate with the telecommunications network that include CDMA, GPRS, TDMA, GSM, and the like. The radio 116 may additionally or alternatively facilitate other types of wireless communications including Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LTE, 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G, NR, VoLTE, or other VoIP communications. As can be appreciated, in various embodiments, radio 116 can be configured to support multiple technologies and/or multiple radios can be utilized to support multiple technologies. A wireless telecommunications network might include an array of devices, which are not shown so as to not obscure more relevant aspects of the invention. Components such as a base station, a communications tower, or even access points (as well as other components) can provide wireless connectivity in some embodiments.

FIG. 2 provides an exemplary system environment in which implementations of the present disclosure may be employed. Such a system environment is illustrated and designated generally as system environment 200. System environment 200 is but one example of a suitable system environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the invention. Neither should the system environment be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated. Accordingly, any one or more components or aspects of the system environment may comprise a system consistent with the present disclosure.

System environment 200 depicts a building 206, a base station 202, a first user device 208, a second user device 218, in a third user device 238. It is expressly conceived that more or fewer user devices may exist in the system environment 200. In the exemplary aspect of FIG. 2 , the user devices 208, 218, and 238 are depicted as mobile telephones; however, in other aspects, user devices 208, 218 and 238 may take on a variety of forms, such as a personal computer (PC), a user device, a smart phone, a smart watch, a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a mobile device, a tablet computer, a wearable computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, a CD player, an MP3 player, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a video player, a handheld communications device, a workstation, a router, a hotspot, and any combination of these delineated devices, or any other device (such as the computing device 100) that wirelessly communicates with a telecommunications network or any portion thereof, such as the base station 202. Any of the user devices 208, 218, and 238 may be located in building 206.

In some aspects, the user devices (items 208, 218, and 238) can correspond to computing device 100 in FIG. 1 . Thus, a user device can include, for example, a display(s), a power source(s) (e.g., a battery), a data store(s), a speaker(s), memory, a buffer(s), a radio(s) and the like. In some implementations, a user device (items 208, 218, and 238) comprises a wireless or mobile device with which a wireless telecommunication network(s) can be utilized for communication (e.g., voice and/or data communication). In this regard, the user device can be any mobile computing device that communicates by way of a wireless network, for example, a 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, CDMA, or any other type of network.

In some cases, the user devices (items 208, 218, and 238) in system environment 200 can optionally utilize one or more telecommunications networks to communicate with other computing devices (e.g.. a mobile device(s), a server(s), a personal computer(s), etc.) through base station 202 of a telecommunications provider that provides services (e.g.. LTE, or 5G) to user devices, such as user devices 208, 218, and 238. For example, the one or more telecommunication networks may provide voice, SMS, and/or data services to user devices or corresponding users that are registered or subscribed to utilize the services provided by the telecommunications provider. The one or more telecommunication networks may provide voice, SMS, and/or data service(s), such as, for example, a 1x circuit voice, a 3G network (e.g., CDMA, CDMA2000, WCDMA, GSM, UMTS), a 4G network (WiMAX, LTE, HSDPA), or a 5G network. The one or more telecommunications networks might include an array of devices or components (e.g., one or more base stations), some of which are not shown. Components such as terminals, links, and nodes (as well as other components) can provide connectivity in various implementations; however, the details of the telecommunication network architecture is not so as to not obscure other aspects of the present disclosure.

The base station 202 may take the form of any land station configured to wirelessly communicate using one or more transceivers, transmitters, and/or receivers, with one or more user devices. In exemplary aspect base station 202 may comprise a macro cell, wherein the macro cell is configured to provide wireless radio communication services to user devices in order to access the telecommunication network. The macro cell may comprise a nodeB, eNodeB, gNodeB, AIR interface, MIMO, or other wireless communication technology that similarly function by wirelessly communicating signals to and from user devices while being communicatively coupled to a telecommunications network. In aspects, the macro cell may serve a sector, such as a 120° sector, in other aspects the macro cell may serve all or a portion of a 360° cell. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 , the base station 202 is located on a tower. In other aspects, the base station 202 may be located on a mast, rooftop, or on any other, preferably elevated, structures.

Base station 202 may transmit and/or receive a signal 204. In aspects, the signal 204 is a downlink signal wirelessly transmitted from the base station 202 to any one or more user devices, such as the user devices 208, 218, and 238, in order that they may wirelessly communicate with the telecommunications network. In other aspects, the signal 204 is an uplink signal wirelessly transmitted from one or more user devices, such as the user devices 208, 218, and 238, to the base station 202, in order that they may wirelessly communicate with the telecommunications network. Signal 201 may be a downlink signal wireless transmitted from the base station 202 to building 206. Devices within building 206 may transmit uplink signals wirelessly from one or more user devices located inside building 206.

As mentioned, the system environment 200 comprises a building 206. In the exemplary aspect shown in FIG. 2 , the building 206 is depicted as a dwelling. In other aspects, the building 206 may be a commercial site such as an office, storefront, high rise, conference center, or fixed site. In other aspects the building 206 may not be a building at all, and may instead take the form of a mobile location, such as a mobile business, food truck, recreational vehicle, or any other mobile site where signal gain facilitated by a small cell is desirable. The building 206 may house multiple user devices 208, 218, and 238 that receive a signal 201 from the base station 202.

As discussed above, it may be more difficult for user devices such as the second user device 218 and the third user device 238 to wirelessly communicate with the base station 202, compared to the first user device 208, due to the fact that they are located within the building 206. For example, in an exemplary aspect, the signal 204 may comprise a downlink signal at 2.5 GHz, in other aspects, the downlink signal may be at 1900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 2100 MHz, 700 MHz, 850 MHz, 600 MHz, or any other frequency or frequency band approved by the FCC for a wireless telecommunications. In another exemplary aspect the signal 204 may comprise an uplink signal at any one or more of the frequencies described above. Generally speaking, the wireless signal 204, whether an uplink signal or downlink signal, may experience attenuation and/or reflection by any one or more materials or properties of the building 206. resulting in a signal reaching its intended destination with lower gain. This phenomenon may reduce the ability of the user device such as the second user device 218 and the third user device 238 from establishing and/or maintaining a signal with the base station 202, or may reduce throughput (e.g., during a data session). To mitigate the loss in gain, a small cell may be placed in the building 206 using embodiments described in more detail below.

As an illustrative example of a building in which a small cell may be placed, the building 206 comprises a plurality of rooms, such as an office 210, a kitchen 220, a bedroom 230. a garage 240, a living room 250, a dining room 260, a bathroom 270, and a basement 280. The office 210 may comprise a desk 212, an office window 214, a first exterior wall 216, and the second user device 218. The kitchen 220 may be at least partially defined by an exterior stone wall 222, wherein the exterior stone wall 222 is significantly thicker than each of the first exterior wall 216 and a second exterior wall 236. The bedroom 230 may comprise a dresser 232, a bedroom window 234, the second exterior wall 236, and the third user device 238. The garage 240 may comprise a workbench 242, and a garage window 244.

In order to best serve the building 206, a placement location for small cell may be based on the small cell’s ability to communicate with the base station 202 and/or its ability to improve gain for the second user device 218 and the third user device 238 located within the building 206. If the small cell is placed in the garage 240, on, for example the workbench 242, it may receive the highest gain of signal 204, as the signal 204 need only propagate through the garage window 244 or the first exterior wall 216. However, the user may have no knowledge of an azimuth to the closest base station or an azimuth to a base station having the greatest signal strength realized at the building 206 (which may not be the closest base station). Further, if the small cell is placed in the garage 240 the signal from the small cell may be attenuated through multiple layers of building materials in order to reach devices such as the third user device 238 located across the building 206 in the bedroom 230, possibly providing only modest improvements over the third user device 238′s ability to communicate with the base station 202. Placing the small cell in other locations may have an impact on any one or more parameters of the signal 204 and the ability of the small cell to establish, maintain, and/or optimize a backhaul connection to the base station 202. For example, if the small cell is placed in the kitchen 220, the signal 204 must propagate through the thick exterior stone wall 222, likely resulting in high signal attenuation and thus lower signal strength. If the small cell is placed in the bedroom 230, the signal 204 for not only may attenuate through the various portions of the building 206, a multi-path version of the signal 204 may enter through the bedroom window 234 or the second exterior wall 236, affecting the quality of the signal 204 and the ability for the small cell to successfully establish, maintain, and/or optimize backhaul connection to the base station 202.

In an aspect of the present disclosure, a user device, including any of the first user device 208, the second user device 218, and the third user device 238, may be configured to determine one or more of a first set of parameters and one or more of the second set of parameters for a first desired placement location and a second desired placement location, in order to facilitate placement of a small cell. The user device may be configured to determine any one or more of the first set of parameters in real time (re-determining the one or more of the first set of parameters no less than once per second) or near real-time (re-determining the one or more of the first set of parameters more than once per second but no less than once every five seconds) as the user device is moved through the building 206 to various locations. In one aspect, the user device may be additionally configured to determine any one or more of the second set of parameters in tandem with the measurement and display of any one or more of the first set of parameters. In another aspect, the user device may only determine any one or more of the first set of parameters in real time or near real-time and allow a user to pause the determining of the one or more of the first set of parameters at each of the first and the second location to determine the one or more of the second set of parameters.

In an exemplary aspect, the first set of parameters may comprise any one or more of a signal quality of the signal 204, a signal strength of the signal 204, and a distance and azimuth to the base station 202. In an exemplary aspect, one or more signal quality parameters of the signal 204 are determined by measuring, calculating, or otherwise performing signal analysis by a user device; in other aspects, one or more signal quality parameters of the signal 204 are measured, calculated, or otherwise analyzed by a component external to the user device (e.g., the base station 202, a radio, controller, or other network appliance or node) and relayed to the user device. In one embodiment, referred to herein as a “customer mode,” the signal quality displayed on a user interface of the user device is a single signal quality summary, representing one signal quality parameter selected from a group comprising SINR, SNR, Ec/Io, RSRQ, or the like. The signal quality may alternatively be an aggregate signal quality summary representing any one or more signal quality parameters comprising SINR, SNR, Ec/Io, RSRQ, or the like. In customer mode, the user device may be configured to display a signal quality indicator via text (e.g., Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor) and/or a signal quality visualization (e.g., a speed gauge that changes colors based on the measured signal quality being above or below thresholds associated with tiers, such as Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor). FIG. 3D displays, in part, a fourth display 330 of a customer mode, comprising a signal quality portion 336, wherein the signal quality portion 336 comprises a signal quality visualization 337 and a signal quality indicator 338. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3D. when SINR, for example, is determined in the garage 240, the signal quality indicator 338 may be displayed as “Very Good” with an accompanying signal quality visualization 337 indicating the signal quality is Very Good; in contrast, when SINR is determined in the bedroom 230, the signal quality indicator 338 may be displayed as “Fair′” with an accompanying signal quality visualization 337 indicating the signal quality is Fair (this may be the result of a weaker signal, higher noise, or some combination of the two).

In an exemplary aspect, when in customer mode, the signal quality indicator 338 and/or the signal quality visualization 337 may singly reflect SINR at the measured location. For example, a signal quality may be Very Good if SINR is measured and/or determined to be greater 12.5 dB, Good if between 10 dB - 12.5 dB, Fair if between 7 dB - 10 dB, and poor if less than 7 dB. In another aspect, the signal quality indicator 338 and/or the signal quality visualization 337 may be an aggregate of two or more signal quality parameters. For example, a first signal quality parameter may be SINR as described above, and a second signal quality parameter may be RSRQ, wherein RSRQ is Very Good when greater than -9 dB, Good when between -9 dB and -12 dB, Fair when between -12 dB and -14 dB, and Poor when less than -14 dB. In such aspects, each signal quality parameter may be given a numeric score associated with its respective tier, for example, Very Good is given a value of 1, Good is given a value of two, Fair is given a value of three, and Poor is given a value of four. Thus, a location having a Good SINR but Poor RSRQ would have an SINR value of 2 and an RSRQ value of 4. In aspects, the aggregate signal quality parameter may be determined using a mean (3, in the previous example), with the resultant signal quality indicator 338 and signal quality visualization 337 displaying a Fair signal quality. In other aspects, the aggregate signal quality may be weighted according to an algorithm, such as an algorithm taking the general form of

$\frac{\alpha\left( P_{1} \right) + \beta\left( P_{N - 1} \right)\ldots + \gamma\left( P_{N} \right)}{N},$

where N is the number of signal quality parameters used to calculate the aggregate signal quality parameter, α is a first weight, P₁ is a first signal quality parameter, β is an (N-1)^(th) weight, P_((N-1)) is an (N-1)^(th) signal quality parameter, γ is an N^(th) weight, and P_(N) is an N^(th) signal quality parameter. Using the weighted algorithm of this aspect, an α value of .9, and a β value of .6, the aggregate signal quality, and thus the signal quality parameter may equal 2.1, which may be rounded to the nearest integer of 2. Thus, the signal quality parameter would equate to Good, causing the display of a Good signal quality indicator 338 and Good equivalent signal quality visualization 337.

In another embodiment, referred to herein as a “technician mode,” the signal quality may be displayed on the user interface of the user device, organized by each measured, selected, and/or available signal quality parameter. That is, there may be a first portion labeled SINR and a second portion labeled RSRQ. In other aspects, there may be a single signal quality menu that may be expanded to display each of the measured, selected, and/or available signal quality parameters. In one aspect, each displayed signal quality parameter may list the actual name of the signal quality parameter and the associated numeric value (e.g.. a portion may be labeled SINR and display a measured value of 15 dB). Alternatively, the actual name of each measurement may be displayed and an indicator (similar to the signal quality indicator 338) and/or a visualization (similar to the signal quality visualization 337) may be displayed instead of or in addition to the measured value (e.g., a portion may be labeled SINR and display “Good” or “11 dB - Good”).

In exemplary aspects, the first of the parameters may additionally comprise the signal strength of the signal 204. In an exemplary aspect, one or more signal strength parameters of the signal 204 are determined by measuring, calculating, or otherwise performing signal analysis by a user device; in other aspects, one or more signal strength parameters of the signal 204 are measured, calculated, or otherwise analyzed by a component external to the user device (e.g., the base station 202, a radio, controller, or other network appliance or node) and relayed to the user device. In one embodiment, referred to herein as a “customer mode,” the signal strength displayed on a user interface of the user device is a single signal strength summary, representing one signal quality parameter selected from a group comprising RSRP, RSSI, or the like. The signal strength may alternatively be an aggregate signal quality summary representing any one or more signal quality parameters comprising RSRP, RSSI, or the like. In customer mode, the user device may be configured to display a signal strength indicator via text (e.g., Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor) and/or a signal strength visualization (e.g., a speed gauge that changes colors based on the measured signal strength being above or below thresholds associated with tiers, such as Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor). FIG. 3D displays, in part, the fourth display 330 of a customer mode, comprising a signal quality portion 332, wherein the signal quality portion 332 comprises a signal strength visualization 333 and a signal strength indicator 334. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3D, when RSRP, for example, is determined in the garage 240, the signal strength indicator 334 may be displayed as “Very Good” with an accompanying signal strength visualization 333 indicating the signal quality is Very Good; in contrast, when SINR is determined in the bathroom 270. the signal strength indicator 334 may be displayed as “Fair” with an accompanying signal strength visualization 333 indicating the signal quality is Fair (this may be the result of the downlink signal being attenuated through many layers of building materials).

In an exemplary aspect, when in customer mode, the signal strength indicator 334 and/or the signal strength visualization 333 may singly reflect RSRP or RSSI at the measured location. As with signal quality, the signal strength displayed to the user may be based on one or more signal strength parameters exceeding or falling below a threshold. For example, the signal strength may be displayed as Very Good if RSRP is measured and/or determined to be greater -90 dBm, Good if between -90 dBm and -105 dBm, Fair if between -106 dBm and -120 dBm, and Poor if below -120 dBm. Similarly, the signal strength may be displayed as Very Good if RSSI is greater than -70 dBm, Good if between -70 dBm and -85 dBm, Fair if between if between -86 dBm and -100 dBm, and poor if less than -100 dBm. In such aspects, each signal quality parameter may be given a numeric score associated with its respective tier in accordance with the rules set forth with respect to signal quality parameters, disclosed herein.

In technician mode, the signal strength may be displayed on the user interface of the user device, organized by each measured, selected, and/or available signal strength parameter. That is, there may be a first portion labeled RSRP and a second portion labeled RSSI (or any other signal strength parameter). In aspects, there may be a single signal quality menu that may be expanded to display each of the measured, selected, and/or available signal quality parameters. Each displayed signal quality parameter may list the actual name of the signal quality parameter and the associated numeric value (e.g., a portion may be labeled RSRP and display a measured value of -82 dBm). Alternatively, the actual name of each measurement may be displayed and an indicator (similar to the signal strength indicator 334) and/or a visualization (similar to the signal quality visualization 333) may be displayed instead of or in addition to the measured value (e.g.. the portion may be labeled RSRP and display “Good” or “-95 dBm - Good”).

In determining at least one of a first set of parameters, the first set of parameters may comprise a distance and azimuth to a connected base station, such as the base station 202. In one aspect, the distance and azimuth to the connected base station may be displayed on the fourth display 330 of the user interface of the user device. In an exemplary aspect, the cell tower locator portion may comprise a compass 331 and a text portion 341 configured to show the numeric distance to the connected cell tower. In other aspects, this portion of the fourth display 330 may show the distance and azimuth to a connected base station, other land station, mobile station, hot spot, router, or any other type of access point configured to wirelessly communicate with the user device. In aspects, the compass 331 may use cardinal directions and a needle to indicate to the user the relative bearing/azimuth to the connected cell tower with respect to the orientation of the user device. In an exemplary aspect, the text portion 341 may indicate the distance, in miles, to the connected cell tower. In other aspects, different units, such as kilometers, feet, or meters may be used. Though the distance and azimuth may be included as a parameter of the first set of parameters, in other aspects, the distance and azimuth information displayed to the user via the fourth display 330 may not comprise a parameter of the first set of parameters, and may instead be used to guide the user or provide situational awareness of the system environment 200 when testing various candidate small cell placement locations. In a technician mode aspect, the cell tower locator portion of the fourth display 330 may additionally or alternatively comprise the frequency band being used to communicate with the connected cell tower, all frequency bands available at the connected cell tower, a node identifier (e.g., an eNodeB ID), PCI, cascade ID, and the like.

Contemporaneous with or subsequent to determining at least one of the first set of parameters, at least one of the second set of parameters is determined. In an exemplary aspect, the second set of parameters comprises ping, download speed, upload speed, and jitter. The download speed may measure the throughput of the downlink signal to the base station 202 in Mbps. The upload speed may measure the throughput of the uplink signal to the base station 202 in Mbps. Ping may measure the round-trip time, in milliseconds, to reach a host on the telecommunication or other network (e.g., IP network). Jitter may measure the variation in packet latency and displayed in milliseconds. As seen in FIG. 3E, the second set of parameters may be displayed on a fifth display 380 on the user interface of the user device. The download speed may be shown in a download portion 381, the ping may be shown in a ping portion 382, the upload speed may be shown in an upload portion 383, and the jitter may be shown in ajitter portion 384. As seen, the fifth display 380 may additionally comprise IP address information 386 and an identifier 387. Either or both of the IP address information 386 and the identifier 387 may be associated with the location being tested or the host server used to determine the one or more of the second set of parameters.

After determining at least one of the first set of parameters and at least one of the second set of parameters for each of a first location and a second location, a small cell placement location is generated for display on the user interface of the user device. In aspects, if the one or more of the first set of parameters at the first location is better than the one or more of the first set of parameters at the second location, the user device may display, via the user interface, that the first location is the recommended small cell placement location. If the one or more of the first set of parameters at the first location is worse than the one or more of the first set or parameters at the second location, the user device may display, via the user interface, that the second location is the recommended small cell placement location. If the one or more of the first set of parameters at the first location is within 10% of the one or more of the first set of parameters at the second location, display, via the user interface that the recommended small cell placement location is a location selected from the first location and the second location having the greater of the one or more of the second set of parameters. For example, if the first location has a much faster download speed and a marginally slower upload speed than the second location, the first location may be selected. In other aspects, the at least one of the second set of parameters may be assigned a numeric value based on the value exceeding or being below a threshold and averaged or otherwise calculated as described with respect to aspects of the present disclosure.

Once the small cell placement location has been determined, it may be displayed to a user on an eighth display 360, as seen in FIG. 3H. The eighth display 360 may have a result portion 362, wherein the location information input by the user associated with the first location or the second location is displayed, as well as at least one parameter of the first and second sets of parameters. For example, as seen in FIG. 3H, the result portion 362 may display the name of the first location and the download speed determined at the first location.

Turning now to FIGS. 3A-3J, various displays on a user interface of a user device are shown that are suitable for performing aspects of the system 200 and a method 400 for facilitating the placement of a small cell. In aspects, the user device may be the second user device 218 of the system 201 in FIG. 2 . The various displays of FIGS. 3A-3J are shown as illustrative for the purpose of delimiting the type of information displayed on the size-limited user interface of a user device and how that information is displayed, particularly in the customer view, as described above; departures from the semantics, layout, organization, and the like are within the limits of this disclosure so long as they display the types of information prescribed, consistent with how it is described to be displayed herein.

Beginning at FIG. 3A, a first display 300 is illustrated in accordance with aspects herein for display on the user interface of a user device. The first display 300 comprises an introduction portion 302 and a start button 304. The introduction portion 302 provides basic information to the user managing their expectations of the placement selection process and time required. The start button 304 allows the user to proceed to a subsequent screen. FIG. 3B illustrates a second display 310 in accordance with aspects herein for display on the user interface of the user device. The second display 310 comprises a map portion 312, a text portion 314, a search button 316, and a proceed button 318. The map portion 312 may show a detected location of the user device, the detected location based on GPS, proximity to a Wi-Fi router having a known location, or using triangulation or other geo-locating means with respect to a land or mobile station. In aspects, the map portion 312 may be manipulated by user in order to move a cursor from the detected location to a location approximating the location of the user. The text portion 314 may provide instructions to user on how to manipulate the map portion 312, and may, in some aspects, display an approximate address of the cursor location from the map portion 312. The text portion 314 may also comprise the search button 316, which may allow the user to manually enter in an address, point of interest, landmark, or the like, in order to approximate the user’s location. Finally, the text portion 314 may comprise a proceed button 318, which, when selected, allows the user to proceed to a subsequent screen.

Turning now to FIG. 3C, a third display 320 is illustrated in accordance with aspects herein for display in the user interface of the user device. The third display 320 comprises detailed instructions 322 and the next button 324. The detailed instructions 322 direct the user to use displayed distance and azimuth information, such as that provided by the compass 331 and text portion 332, as seen in FIG. 3D, in order to explore the user’s surroundings. The detailed instructions 322 males provide general placement advice, such as focusing on locations near windows, unoccupied locations, and locations that have Good or better signal quality and signal strength. Next button 324, when selected, allows the user proceed to a subsequent screen. In addition to comprising the cell tower locator portion, the signal quality portion 336, and the signal quality portion 332 as previously discussed, the fourth display 330 may comprise a test button 339. In aspects where the at least one of a first set of parameters is determined at a different time than the at least one of a second set of parameters, the test button 339 may pause the determining of the at least one of the first set of parameters at a candidate placement location and determine the at least one of the second set of parameters at said candidate placement location.

Continuing to FIG. 3F, after determining the one or more of the second set of parameters, a sixth display 340 may be displayed on the user interface of the user device. The sixth display 340 comprises the download portion 381, ping portion 382, upload portion 383, and jitter portion 384 of the fifth display 380. The sixth display may also comprise a location save location portion 342 that allows provides instructions to the user and allows the user to specify a location associated with the candidate location at which each of the at least one of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters were determined. The save location portion 342 may comprise a coarse location portion 344 and a fine location portion 346, wherein the coarse location portion 344 permits the user to enter coarse location information (e.g., a room, building, floor, or other identifier having less specificity than a fine location), and the fine location portion 346 permits the user to enter fine location information (e.g., area, object, office, or other identifier having greater spatial specificity than the coarse location. In other aspects, only one location portion may be displayed and the user may have discretion as to what information to place in the location portion that may be sufficiently descriptive. Once the at least one of the first set of parameters have been determined, as displayed on the fourth display 330, the at least one of the second set of parameters have been determined, as displayed on the fifth display 380, and at least one of each of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters has been associated with a location on the sixth display 340, a seventh display 350, seen in FIG. 3G, lists all tested locations. The sixth display 340 comprises a first location portion 352, a second location portion 354, an add location button 356 and a done button 358, wherein the first location portion 352 reflects the determined parameters and the location name of the first location and the second location portion 354 reflects the determined parameters and the location name of the second location. Though only a first and second location are shown in FIG. 3G, the add location button 356 may be selected by the user to determine at least one of a first set of parameters and at least one of a second set of parameters at a third or subsequent location. Once the user has tested the desired number of locations, the done button 358 may be selected to proceed to a subsequent screen. As previously discussed, FIG. 3H illustrates the eighth display 360, used to inform the user of the results of the placement process. In addition to comprising the result portion 362, the eighth display may comprise installation instructions 364 that may direct the user to refer to printed or online installation instructions, and a done button 366 to proceed to a subsequent screen.

Continuing to FIG. 3I, a ninth display 370 is illustrated in accordance with aspects herein for display in the user interface of the user device. The ninth display 370 may comprise step by step instructions to the user that ensures the user device may successfully attach to the small cell instead of the base station to which it was previously connected (and testing). The ninth display 370 may comprise a network information portion 372. a first step 374, a second step 376, a third step 378 (more or fewer steps may be used), and a done button 379 to proceed to a subsequent screen. The network information portion 372 displays what the user device is presently connected to, and may include information about the back haul connection (e.g., the PCI of the base station). Once the user device has successfully completed the small cell connection protocol, the network information portion 372 should change from displaying the base station to displaying the small cell. The first step 374 may instruct the user to disconnect from the base station by placing the device in airplane mode, turning off mobile data, restarting the user device, turning off the user device, or otherwise breaking the communication session between the user device and the base station. The second step 376 may instruct the user to wait a certain amount of time (e.g., 15 seconds) before attempting to reestablish a wireless data connection. The third step 378 may be a validation step, wherein the user is instructed to confirm that the user device is connected to the small cell instead of the base station, for example by evaluating the network information portion 372.

In FIG. 3J, a tenth display 390 is illustrated in accordance with aspects herein for display on the user interface of the user device. The tenth display 390 may comprise a first location portion 392, a second location portion 396, and a done button 399, wherein the first location portion 392 comprises a first pre-placement parameter 393 and a first post placement parameter 394, and the second location portion 396 comprises a second pre-placement parameter 397 and a second post placement parameter 398. The first location portion 392 may comprise the name of the first location and each of the first pre-placement parameter 393 and first post placement parameter 394 may display to the user a parameter, such as download speed, at the first location before connecting to the small cell and after connecting to the small cell. The second location portion 396 may comprise the name of the second location and each of the second preplacement parameter 397 and the second post placement parameter 398 may display to the user the parameter shown in the first location portion 392, but with respect to the second location, before and after connecting to the small cell. The done button 399 may permit the user to proceed to a subsequent screen, in other aspects a re-test button may permit a user to repeat the entire process.

FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an exemplary method 400 for facilitating the placement of a small cell, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Initially at block 410, one or more of a first set of parameters for each of the first location and a second location is determined. The first set of parameters may comprise at least one of a signal quality of a downlink signal provided by a first base station, a signal strength of a downlink signal provided by the first base station, and a distance and azimuth to the first base station. In aspects, the signal quality may comprise RSRQ, SINR, and/or SNR, the signal strength may comprise RSRP and/or RSSI, and the distance and azimuth may be determined in miles and a relative bearing in degrees. In aspects, the determining of the one or more of the first set of parameters may be done by a UE executing a program or application stored on a non-transitory computer readable media.

At block 420, one or more of a second set of parameters for each of the first location and the second location is determined. The second set of parameters may comprise at least one of a download speed, and upload speed, ping, and jitter. In aspects, the download speed and upload speed may be measured in Mbps and the ping and jitter measured in milliseconds. In aspects, the determining of the one or more of the second set of parameters may be done by the UE executing the program or application stored on the non-transitory computer readable media.

At block 430, a recommended small cell placement location is generated for based on at least one parameter of the first of parameters and at least one parameter of the second set of parameters. In aspects, the recommended small cell placement location may be displayed on a user interface of the UE executing the program or application stored on the non-transitory computer readable media. In aspects, subsequent to block 430, the method 400 may further comprise placing the small cell at the recommended small cell placement location, executing a connection protocol, and connecting the UE to the small cell, wherein the connection protocol comprises disconnecting the UE from the base station by turning off the wireless connection with the base station (e.g., placing the UE in airplane mode, powering the UE off, or restarting the UE), waiting a certain amount of time, and turning on the wireless connection.

Many different arrangements of the various components depicted, as well as components not shown, are possible without departing from the scope of the claims below. Embodiments of our technology have been described with the intent to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Alternative embodiments will become apparent to readers of this disclosure after and because of reading it. Alternative means of implementing the aforementioned can be completed without departing from the scope of the claims below. Certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations and are contemplated within the scope of the claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for facilitating placement of a small cell, the system comprising: a first macro cell; a user equipment (UE), the UE comprising one or more antennas for receiving a first downlink signal from the first macro cell and for transmitting a first uplink signal to the first macro cell, a user interface, and a processor, the processor configured to: determine one or more of a first set of parameters for a first location, the first set of parameters comprising a signal quality of the downlink signal and a signal strength of the downlink signal, and a distance and azimuth to the first macro cell, wherein an alphanumeric value associated with each of the one or more of the first set of parameters is displayed in real time on the user interface; determine a location of a transmitter that is transmitting the downlink signal; and display, on a user interface of the UE: a signal quality visualization representing the signal quality of the downlink signal; a signal strength visualization representing the signal strength of the downlink signal; and a location visualization representing the location of the transmitter.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is additionally configure to: determine one or more of a second set of parameters for each of the first location and the second location, the second set of parameters comprising at least one of a downlink speed of the first downlink signal and a uplink speed of the first uplink signal; and display an alphanumeric value associated with the second set of parameters on the user interface.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal quality comprises a single signal quality parameter selected from a group comprising SINR, SNR, Ec/Io, and RSRQ.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal quality comprises an aggregate signal quality summary representing at least two of SINR, SNR, Ec/Io, and RSRQ.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the signal quality visualization and the signal strength visualization comprise a speed gauge that changes colors based on the determined parameter.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the location visualization comprises a compass indicating the location of the transmitter relative to the UE.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the location visualization further comprises a distance to the transmitter.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the first set of parameters is determined at least once per second.
 9. A non-transitory computer storage media storing computer-usable instructions that, when used by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: determine one or more of a first set of parameters for a downlink signal from a first base station at each of a first location and a second location, wherein the first set of parameters comprises at least one of a signal quality, a signal strength, and a distance and azimuth to the first base station, and wherein the one or more of the first set of parameters is refreshed once per second and an alphanumeric value associated with each of the one or more of the first set of parameters is displayed in real time on a user interface of a mobile device: and determine one or more of a second set of parameters for each of the first location and the second location, the second set of parameters comprising at least one of a downlink speed of the first downlink signal and a uplink speed of a first uplink signal, the first uplink signal transmitted to the first base station by the UE and displayed on the user interface.
 10. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 9, wherein the one or more of the second set of parameters is the downlink speed.
 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more of the first set of parameters consists of signal strength and signal quality.
 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a frequency band of the downlink signal and display a name of the frequency band on the user interface.
 13. The apparauts of claim 12, wherein a node identifier associated with a transmitter of the downlink signal is displayed on the user interface.
 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a list of available frequency bands configured to operate with a transmitter of the downlink signal, and wherein the list of available frequency bands is displayed on the user interface.
 15. A non-transitory computer storage media storing computer-usable instructions that, when used by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: determine, using one or more antennas of a user equipment (UE) for receiving a first downlink signal from a first base station, one or more of a first set of parameters for each of a first location and a second location, the first set of parameters comprising a signal quality of the downlink signal and a signal strength of the downlink signal; determine a location of a transmitter that is transmitting the downlink signal; display, on a user interface of the UE: a signal quality visualization representing the signal quality of the downlink signal: a signal strength visualization representing the signal strength of the downlink signal: and a location visualization representing an azimuth and distance to the location of the transmitter; and generate a recommended small cell placement location of a small cell for display on a user interface of the UE based on the first set of parameters.
 16. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 15, wherein each of the signal quality visualization and the signal strength visualization comprise a speed gauge that changes colors based on the determined parameter.
 17. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further caused to determine, using the one or more antennas of the UE, one or more of a second set of parameters for each of the first location and the second location, the second set of parameters comprising at least one of a downlink speed of the first downlink signal and a uplink speed of a first uplink signal, the first uplink signal transmitted to the first base station by the UE and displayed on the user interface.
 18. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 17, wherein each of the first set of parameters is determined at least once per second.
 19. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 15, wherein the signal quality comprises a single signal quality parameter selected from a group comprising SINR, SNR, Ec/Io, and RSRQ.
 20. The non-transitory computer readable media of claim 15, wherein the signal quality comprises an aggregate signal quality summary representing at least two of SINR, SNR, Ec/Io, and RSRQ. 